Friday, 16 June 2017

回乡

 六月的岭南,天空总是闷闷的,就连那一阵阵的雨,也恰似人的心绪那么时急时细而又连绵不断、、、、、、

我们的运气很是不错,从香港机场出来的时候,愁云虽然已经弥漫了华南的整片天空,然而大的雨点却仍然没有下来。从机场过了深圳湾,我们便爬上了开往江门的大巴。等到车要开的时候­­,时间已近晚上十点了。

夜色笼罩的深圳,灯火最是通明,映得汽车前窗的倒后镜宛如照着新年绽放的烟花一般。虽是整日奔波劳碌,我却并不疲倦,反而不时急切地往窗外张望,想从科技园里那座高达三十三层的中兴总部大厦中,拾回几分少年轻狂的韶华回忆。很可惜,汽车很快走上了高速公路,并没有进入真正的市区。那座在科技园俯览群楼的中兴总部大厦只有在记忆中方可寻觅了。那一年,我即将本科毕业。一向胆小懦弱的我居然跑去 大公司的招聘组自荐说,“我自觉比硕士研究生更优秀,所以我只想进你们的研发部!”然而岁月的蹉跎竟不知不觉地了消磨了昔日少年的豪情,如同大海边上的顽石,任你的菱角如何犀利,也终有一朝被大海的浪涛消磨至平滑。

我们六月八日夜里回到江门来了。第二天傍晚,我们饭后往外散步的时候,顺手买了一袋荔枝。荔枝虽是故乡的产物,我小时吃得却不多 。因为每逢六月荔枝大熟之际,一个学期便到了期末考试之时。比如全国的高考,就定在了六月的七、八、九日三天。我总怕荔枝上火,吃了会影响发挥。现在想来,我其实不必那么紧张。可是当时年幼无知,往往当局者迷。到了高三的时候,我甚至每次模拟考试都要中途去洗手间,所以时常做不完那些题目。在我高考的时候,广东省的考生是先填报志愿后参加考试的:考生要根据平时成绩来选报学校和专业。当时学校的老师建议我们报比自己平时成绩要求略高的志愿,美其名曰“跳一下就可以摘到的苹果”。然而我天性胆小,总是害怕考试时拉肚子上厕所一类的事情。最后,我选了一个“弯一下腰就可以摘到的苹果”作为第一志愿。那就是西安电子科技大学的通信工程专业。也许因为这个志愿相对于我的实力比较容易考,所以到了真正高考的那几天我的心里很是平静,是故平安无事。我仍记得高考语文的那天有一个同学对我说:“大新,我终于知道为什么你每次考试都想上厕所了、、、、、、原来我也会这样、、、、、”然后接着有数个同学说:“我也不知道为什么突然想上厕所,我平时不是这样的、、、、、、”我的高考发挥基本正常,然而考试之前一个星期和完后的两天却病了一场,心里着实要感谢菩萨的保佑。我觉得如今的考生比我们要幸福多了,至少他们是先出了成绩再报志愿的。但是在路上,我看到那些考生的面容却如我们以前一般彷徨。这些孩子,整年被那些老师在耳边叮咛,“高考是人生的转折点、、、、、、”,仿佛一次考试就真的决定了人的一生。其实我宁愿这样,但其实不是。

这次回乡的一个很有意思的事情是我再次与孩提时一位最亲密的伙伴相聚了。我读小学时,有两个最为重要的玩伴。他们都住在我家附近。我们每天一起上学放学,而至周末他们总要跑到我家楼下喊我去玩。直到上初中以后,我们分在了不同的班。我和他们的联系日渐淡了。面对着这位既熟悉又陌生的朋友,心中有着说不出来的滋味。他满腮的须根和略微凸起的肚子竟是出乎了我的想象,而去到他的家里,看到他的孩子的笑容,反倒觉得那张面孔更为亲切和熟悉。我说:“我觉得相对你,我更加认得你这娃。”我们聊了各自的景况,最后话题落在了一位身在广州的伙伴身上。我说:“久不联系,不知那位故人还记得我否。”眼前的这位伙伴说:“怎可能不记得?我们两个人其实一直都知道你的信息,尽管我们并没有亲耳听你说到。”

这一天,我路过我从前的初中。这些年里,学校的名字也已经更改了。我看着那些孩子,想起了小时候的我。我读初中时很喜欢打篮球。我每天都去练球。在我的记忆深处,依稀记得以前放学的时候,学校的操场篮球场被占完了,我和班里一群少年随即骑着单车穿梭于江门市各个学校,到处找篮球场、、、、、、、想着想着,突然觉得那些日子很幸福,但是已经一去不返了。

雨在外面淅淅沥沥地下着,滴滴答答地,也如那墙上的闹钟,数落着我逝去的青春。

Sunday, 28 May 2017

THERE IS NOTHING WRONG OR RIGHT FOR A CONCEPTUAL MODEL

 There is nothing wrong or right as a conceptual model, if the domain of interest is ignored.

These days when I read some articles about image formation, and the fundamental of the theory is a so-called “Pinhole camera model”, which stated that when the light reflected from the objects goes through a single hole and then the reversal-positioning object will be form in the other side of the hole. However, the power of the light beams that passes a single hole is normally not strong enough to form high quality images. In practice, a lens is normally used to concentrate the light beams to a focus point. In the discussion of image formation and the related problems such as three-dimensional reconstruction from images and projecting three dimensional objects into a two dimensional picture, the assumption such as “light beams transfers in straight lines” is always hold.
I then recalled the remembrance in a physic class at high school. The teacher told the class of about fifty students regarding the history of scientific understanding of light. He said that, “In the old days, two groups of scientists argued that whether light transfers in the air in the form of a slight line or a type of wave. For a very long period, the former won, as the greatest supporter for this viewpoint was Sir Newton. However, scientific experiments later revealed that the more accuracy description of light is the form of wave. Nowadays, after the development of quantum physics, the most advanced theory identified light as a type of quantum particles moving along the wave…”
From what we have learned in physic classes at high school, it seemed that the idea of light transferring in straight lines had been outdated. However, it is of necessary to point out that, many applications still are implemented based on this theory. It will be extremely difficult if not impossible to calculate the transformation matrices in multiple view geometry by considering the light as the motion of a collection of quantum particles, or as a type of electromagnetic wave with any calculations depending on the complicated Maxswell’s equation. To this reason, the idea of modelling light as transferring in straight line is the most appropriate approach. 
In my childhood, I was always more attracted by the art of literature rather than scientific subjects such as maths. I liked the type of open questions that where would be no answers in the world and everybody has a distinctive viewpoint. However, as age grows, I begin to understand that the nature of the universe is an uncertain object that there is no scientific model that can be purely correctly summarise all varieties of the universe. If not speaking the concrete situation, there is nothing wrong or right for any abstract theory. Perhaps, in scientific research, it is more appropriate to say a model being more widely application, rather than more accurate than its counter parts.

Monday, 28 November 2016

翻看一篇旧博文

 最近一段日子,论文看得少了些。每天下班以后,无所事事则去健身房锻炼一下,或者听听音乐,或者学弹吉他。以前专门为打印论文买的打印机却在今年从没打印过论文,桌子上那本泛函分析的教材积满了灰尘。

一位友人几次三番地说,他觉得我的思想变了,没有以前那么上进了。平时我们聊天的话题几乎全部和科研相关。最近,我却从来不和他讨论文章和算法。"其实科研也就那样。我也是做一天和尚撞一天钟而已。"我说。他一脸惊讶地望着我,半开玩笑地说一直以来他视我为科研上的一盏明灯,突然发现这盏明灯灭了,眼前一片漆黑,看不到方向。

实际上我没有变过。虽然身处西方社会,我仍然深深地受着中国传统思想的影响,内心深处在儒家和道家的入世和出世的冲撞中不断挣扎,如同李白的诗歌所言:"欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。"

早一阵子,整理旧电脑硬盘的文件,我意外地发现了以前写的一篇博文《两易专业》。我以前写的博文里只剩这一篇还有底稿的。这说来也是一种意外。这篇文章写于我读博士初期。当时我在电脑上写完这篇文章以后,则粘贴到了人人网和QQ空间。我平素有习惯把文章传上网络以后就将它们从电脑上删除。那天正好下了一场暴雨而我却忘了关窗户。雨水从窗口进来弄湿了笔记本电脑。结果,第二天,我就无法开机了。最后我们把电脑拆开,把硬盘取了出来保存着。这样,这篇几年前的博文就保存下来了。

以下摘录几段来自那篇博文的豪言壮语:

"从此,我面试了各种各样的公司,遇到了形形式式的求职者。有时候,随便交流了几句,从别人的经历中了解到了许多不知道的东西。每当同学和我讲起他们在公司的各种培训,我就感觉自己好像渐发落后。难道,一向勤奋好学的进步青年就这样堕落了吗?这一次的北京奥运,最亮目的是美国的游泳选手菲尔普斯,一人包揽八面金牌。然而更让我佩服的是他的自信。他在奥运之前就说,要拿八面金牌。我真正诧异的并非他的成绩,而是他在开始之前就能够预料到他的成绩,这是怎样一种英勇的王者气派,深深让我折服。"

"从那以后的数个月里,我几乎全在五邑大学的自习室里度过。别人问我来做什么,我就说我要考研。这天,听说陈超在搞VHDL,我于是拿起了以前学不会的那本集成电路的教材来看。以前,我根本就学不通这是什么东西。这一次,我慢慢翻书看了一下,猛然间明白了……"

"模拟对应的就是非线性,但凡非线性的东西总是用线性的东西来逼近的。就如当时我们学电子线路的时候,其实真正说难的就是:这个幅频特性曲线原是一条曲线,但是在某个范围内,它近似看作一条直线。因为有了这个近似,很多数学上的推倒就很跳跃。又比如高频电子线路本是非线性的,若对晶体管特性曲线进行泰勒级数展开,忽略高阶无穷小,就近似成线性时变电路。然后我再联想,微积分难道不是这样创立的吗?不就是用无数无限短的直线去逼近一条曲线吗?我当时想到这里,仿佛几年下来那些最恼人的东西一下子解开了!"

"很多人对理想孜孜不倦的追求,却感到遥不可及。然而另一些人,却意外地在理想即将实现的那天清醒过来:原来一直以来自己追求的理想并不曾存在过!所谓’说到辛酸事,荒唐亦可悲。由来同一梦,休笑世人痴’。"

Sunday, 27 November 2016

夏日习箫

 童年的时候,长辈们常常苦口婆心、语重心长地告诫我要好好读书,将来长大了找一份坐办公室的“舒服”工作。结果,我这书一读就读到了将近而立之年。

毕业以后,我果然每天坐在办公室里工作—-从早上来到学校到傍晚下班,一整天对着电脑。尤其我所做的工作里有相当一部分是画业务流程图,  因而鼠标的使用十分频繁。有时电脑用久了,手指不禁有些微微发麻。我上网搜索了不少资料,知道鼠标用多了对身体不利,白领阶层多有些学名叫“腕管综合征”的症状,俗称“鼠标手”。在2011年阳光海岸的一个国际会议(DICTA)上,我认识了一位中国留学生,他的右手整个手掌都用纱布包着,据说就是鼠标用多了的缘故。我翻查了资料,看到一则消息,说的是日本从前有位著名外科医生说过,吉他爱好者无论怎么用电脑,都不会得鼠标手。
因为这个缘故,我在2013年年底开始学古典吉他。因为我对吉他的那六根弦的位置不甚熟悉,弹的时候时常要低头看琴身,这一低头就产生了很多问题:脖子的姿势不对,容易有颈椎。于是,这个吉他两年以来玩得不多,现在都铺满了尘。
最后,我发现还是洞箫比较适合我,既可以舒活手指,演奏姿势也比较自然,还可以练练气息。夏日炎炎,正是习箫的好时节,先是奏妆台秋思,后吹平湖秋月。
今年中秋,因为平日酷爱平湖秋月旋律的缘故,我央求杭州一位友人给我发几张西湖月夜的美景,却不见亭台楼阁,只见高楼大厦。灯火的辉煌完全把月色淹没了!我这位友人是我西安读书时的一位才华横溢的同学,尤其擅长嵌入式开发。他的桌子上摆满了各种开发工具和参考书籍。从前,每当我去到他们的宿舍,他便要把那一堆电路啊,万用表推开,说:“小新来了,我就不想学习了!”我忙说道:“那我以后不敢来了,否者把你害了!”他笑吟吟地望着我说:“书还是要读的,但是玩也是必须的。小新不来的的时候,我就读书;小新来了,我就玩。”不知不觉,这些故事已经过去近十年了!

Tuesday, 23 September 2014

Mathematics vs. Enigneering

 During the past two years, I devoted plenty of time into understanding the underlying mathematics in computer science (with a main focus on pattern recognition). This blog discusses some of my feeling and experience in the relationship between mathematics and its application in the real world (engineering problems).

A mathematical system typically starts by defining a set of fundamental concepts. These concepts include some nouns and the operations of the nouns. Then more complicated concepts are derived from these basic concepts using logical induction. For instance, almost all textbooks of mathematics analysis start the discussion by defining the concept of natural numbers, based on which integers are derived. Then one can construct a definition for the addition operation. Then the subtraction and multiplication operations can be defined on top of the addition operation. The a set of complicated concepts such as division, rational number, complex numbers and so on can be defined using the more fundamental concepts.

What’s the benefits of using such an approach?  In my opinion, the design of such a theoretical system allows us to analyse the properties of the more complicated concepts from the properties of simple ones. For instance, one can define the rational number as the division of two integer, noted as p/q, where q is not equal to 0. Once we have such a definition, properties of rational numbers can be derived by properties of integers. In fact, it is possible to construct a systems with a beginning of defining rational numbers. For instance, we can first define rational numbers, and the define an integer as some operations of rational numbers. However, it is much harder to define a rational number without the concepts of integers. The complication of the definition of the first concepts will make all the following definitions complicated. Therefore, even though one can construct a mathematical system oppositely which is also logically correct, the system is expected to be useless.

Mathematics is the abstract that approximate the real world. But it can never be used to correctly describe the real world.  Albert Einstein had a famous speech on this point: "As far as the laws of mathematics refer to reality, they are not certain; as far as they are certain, they do not refer to reality".  For example, in machine learning, we typically use Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method to inference graphical model. Suppose we want to design an algorithm that can randomly generate samples from a uniform distribution between [0,1]. Is it possible for us to do that? No. There are many troubles that we cann’t complete this task. One problem is that, we cannot represent all real values between 0 and 1, because the number of bits to represent a real value in a computer is finite. That is, set of numbers we can store on a computer is finite, while the number of real numbers in [0,1] is infinite. This indicates that, no matter how we design the algorithm, it is impossible to have an ideal random generator. The best we could do is the propose an algorithm that generates random numbers approaching to the target distribution.

Even sometimes we can model the real world using more complicated mathematical models which are closer though not 100% fit the real world situation, it is still highly valuable to apply a simpler model. It is well known that the electrical circuits theory is a mathematical approximation of Maxwell’s Equations of electromagnetism. In reality, an ideal circuit is impossible to exist in the real world. However, if one starts analyzing an electronic circuit by Maxwell’s Equations, it is unlikely to solve a problem within a limited time frame.  Another example is the Hidden Markov Model that is used in speech recognition. It is well known that the speech signal is not only first order dependency. However, if one tries to analyse the higher order dependencies, the model will be too complicated to analyse and use.

Therefore, for all problems, to provide in depth mathematical foundations, we have to first make some assumptions. Without any assumptions, a theory cann’t be set up. In machine learning, there  is a theory termed "no free lunch theorem"; correspondingly in the feature representation, there is another theory termed "Ugly ducking theorem". These theories have the same idea: all mathematical models contain some assumptions, and the performance of these models depend on whether the assumptions of the models approximate to the real world or not. Please note that, they can only approximate to the real world, and will never be the real world.

The hardest thing for research in pattern recognition is in fact to propose a hypothesis that fit the real world. Due to my personal experience, one can develop a theory in this way:

  1. set an assumption that fit a subset of real world problems (a strong assumption)
  2. set up a theory for this assumption;
  3. modify the assumption to the a weaker assumption;
  4. set up a theory that satisfies a more general situation.

In this way, one can construct a theory step by step, and develop it in a long term. However, the process of developing such a theory should be long and painful.

Thursday, 1 July 2010

昨日今宵,回忆我的大学

 三年以前的今日,我正奔走于西安各大招聘会,为前途奔走不休。那时,真正的招聘高潮还没有开始。然而如今,我的那些在西安读研究生的同学却几乎已经全部签约了。我们以前找工作碰到的问题,他们几乎都没有遇到过。据说,主要是因为今年华为和中兴在西安的研发中心拼命招人。有时,我当真羡慕那些一直留在西安的同学。我时常想,假如我以前一直留在西安,或读书,或工作,现在又会怎样呢?世界并没有这么多假如。如果我留在西安,那么,我的学业一定不如现在锦绣,但是,我这几年来的生活一定会变得更加愉快。人们不明白我的成长经历,他们无法理解为何我一个广东人会对遥远的西安城如此眷恋。

我自小就是一个十分听话的孩子,为人善良,胆小怕事。我的童年和少年,几乎就没有个半点叛逆。我刚到西安的时候,几乎是一个没有半点不良嗜好的完美的人。我从来不与同学争执,也不用粗口对人。所以,当我第一次说“他妈的”的时候,对方听了不怒反笑,他们说我骂人就没半点骂人的味道。其实,我用粗口骂人还真的是跟着他们学的。我常说,“我的那些不良嗜好都是你们教坏的!”我的同学听了都很生气,但是这却是半点不假。然而,其实,我很喜欢跟着他们这样子学坏。从小到大,我受的管促太多了,真正没有太多自己的空间。因此,我和一般的青少年在思想上很难相容。我的朋友很少,而且,几乎都是清一色的很听话的孩子。我从来不和别的孩子玩电脑游戏, 我从来不去别人家里玩。我喜欢打篮球,可是却打不好,每逢分组的时候,他们都不想和我一队。渐渐的,我自己也感到没趣。我的父母对我过分溺爱,常不放心我在外。我很听老师的话,但是,其实我长大了回忆一下,才觉得中学的时候没几个老师真正关心我。他们只是关心升学率。当我成绩好的时候,他们对我重视些;一旦成绩不好,就如墙头没人理会的野草。

我在西安之所以愉快,是因为我从来没有得到过这么自由的空间,虽然,我也没干什么坏事。我到西电的第二天晚上,莫灿悄悄地对我们说:“隔壁房间有个同学吸烟!就是湖北来的那个脸瘦瘦的。”刘铮强和陈超听罢,说,“吸烟很平常呀!这有什么大惊小怪的。”我在床上默默地听着,但心里比莫灿更诧异:一直以来我的同学就没一个吸烟的。一段时间以来,我对吸烟的同学都有一种偏见,仿佛这些就一定不是好青年。我见到梁剑华绕着路走,见着王刚则低着头。可是,后来我发现,他们似乎全是很优秀的学生!从此,我再也不以这些表面的规矩来看人了。我自己也抛掉了从小接受的那一套礼仪,开始变得粗俗和坑脏,只是在公共场合的时候作出几分收敛以保持正经的形象。我开始觉得,流氓也不怎么可恶,比衣冠禽兽好多了。我平时聊天都说是他们把我污染了,但是,我很喜欢这种污染,我其实把它看作思想的解放。

我既不喜欢看电视,也不喜欢电脑游戏。但我有自己的爱好。我喜欢吹箫,喜欢篮球。每当黄昏的时候,我必定捂箫一曲。


Thursday, 27 November 2008

毕业前后的晴与雨

 毕业半年了,各人奔走四方。留在学校读书的同学,经历彼此相似;离开校园寻梦的朋友,际遇各自不同。我的朋友里面,选择读书的很多,然而几乎没有谁像我这样曾经全程投入地为工作南征北战。昨日收到消息,我即将远走,估计两年以内不会回来。我不知道能以什么东西给关心我的同学、同事和朋友纪念。惟独觉得今年经历十分丰富,或许可供分享!

一-初涉职场

     七月十日,我提着行李来到深圳。当时报到的人很多,一样的奔波劳碌,确是不一样的心情。然而讲述各自的抱负,都离不开赚大钱、买大房、开小车、养女人,也算是志同道合了。不久到了西丽的临时宿舍。当时来的多半是硕士,和我一起住的就是几个研究生:一个北大,一个华中科大,一个中南。体检过后,我们分到了部门。从此,我便听到了很多故事,有的来自西伯利亚的不毛之地,有的来自非洲撒哈拉沙漠。部门里的人聊天都说伊斯兰堡、斯里兰卡等。部门在莲塘,离宿舍很远,即使坐班车,也要一个多小时。每天早上七点钟在楼下等班车,晚上十点坐着班车回到宿舍。生活十分有规律。

     一天,有个朋友说:“深圳气候真差,整日粘粘的。”

     我说,“反正多数时候在外。只要非洲天气好不就行了。”

        “你想去非洲??”

       “哪里能赚钱就去哪里!来这个部门就为了去海外捞钱!”

       “可是听说很寂寞,将来不好找对象。”
       “……”

公司的图书馆里,有大大小小本专业的图书,当时我从里面借了几本英语的CDMA教材。每天就是看书,有时也上课。师傅的基本功很扎实,每每我有疑惑的地方,他都能解答。而我虽然学起来也不甚积极,对于师傅的提问,每次也能答得很好。没有动力,所以也没压力。这点却出乎意外给我带来了好处。有一次听说一个新人很积极,对着科长说:“公司是不是有密集的培训,我想尽快把所有东西都学会。”谁知,这位科长却说:“难道你这么快就想超越我了?”平日里,新员工之间也是有竞争的。但我无意在这里,所以也没把心思卷进这些复杂的勾心斗角里,与新老同事相处十分和睦。平时没事的时候便往各个宿舍乱转,结识了五湖四海的朋友。有时也因为夏季炎热,着衣甚少,男男女女,诸多尴尬。

      第二批新人报到后,据说有一个不来。听人说那人签约时被告知会分到研发部,后来分到销售,就没来报到了。“呲,本科生!”有人这么说。我远远听到他们断断续续的谈话,心里很不是滋味,回想了很多往事。

      如此平静的日子没能维持多久。一天部长过来说:“你们该配笔记本电脑了,该租房,该办护照!”过了几天,很多新同事都到莲塘租房子。又过了两天大家相约着去办护照。我却什么也没做。别人都觉得奇怪,有的还说我太稳了。他们不知道我刚来时就没打算常做,更不知道其实我已经在办护照了;只是我来的时候却掩饰得很好,谁也没能发现。以致后来跟部长辞职时,他也惊慌失措。

      新同事知道了这件事很是迷惑,可是我一时解释不清于是就没有解释。老同事则关心我说,“是不是压力太大了?如果是h公司的话,压力更大的。”也有的说,“恭喜你另有高攀!”……

       宿舍里的研究生很关心我,他们问要不要他们找同学帮我介绍工作,我谢绝了。这样,在奥运前夕我便开始了第三轮求职。想起今年来和公司的纠纠缠缠,今天终于获得了自由;又想起之前虽曾痛苦过,但这段日子其实也很快乐,心中不知是喜是悲!

Hometown

Yesterday, I picked up my concert flute, which I hadn't used for a long time, to play a Japanese melody called "The Original Scener...